First (top) Keyboard Row

Second Keyboard Row

Third Keyboard Row

Symbol	Description	Symbol	Description
<Option> + A	å (Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above)	<Option> + <Shift> + A	Å (Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above)
<Option> + S	β (Greek Small Letter Beta)	<Option> + <Shift> + S	Í (Latin Capital Letter I With Acute)
<Option> + D	∂ (Part Differential)	<Option> + <Shift> + D	Î (Latin Capital Letter I With Circumflex)
<Option> + F	ƒ (Small Italic 'f' With Hook)	<Option> + <Shift> + F	Ï (Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis)
<Option> + G	© (Copyright Sign)	<Option> + <Shift> + G	Ì (Latin Capital Letter I With Grave)
<Option> + H		<Option> + <Shift> + H	Ó (Latin Capital Letter O With Acute)
<Option> + J	Δ (Greek Capital Letter Delta)	<Option> + <Shift> + J	Ô (Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex)
<Option> + K		<Option> + <Shift> + K	(Apple Logo)
<Option> + L	¬ (Not Sign)	<Option> + <Shift> + L	Ò (Capital Letter O With Grave)
<Option> + ;	… (Horizontal Ellipsis)	<Option> + <Shift> + ;	Ú (Latin Capital Letter U With Acute)
<Option> + '	æ (Latin Small Letter AE)	<Option> + <Shift> + '	Æ (Latin Capital Letter AE)
<Option> + \	« (Left-Pointing Double Angle Quotation Mark/Guillemet)	<Option> + <Shift> + \	» (Right-Pointing Double Angle Quotation Mark/Guillemet)

Fourth Keyboard Row

Fifth (bottom) Keyboard Row

* Note: If no text is selected, the extension begins at the insertion point. If text is selected by dragging, then the extension begins at the selection boundary. Reversing the direction of the selection deselects the appropriate unit.

There are a number of ways to create screen captures in Mac OS X, as follows:

1. To capture a specific application window:
   • Press the <Command> + <Shift> + <4> keys.
   • The cursor changes to a cross, showing the precise pixel position.
   • Press the <Space> bar and the cursor changes into a camera.
   • Highlight the required window by moving the camera cursor around the desktop.
   • Click the left mouse button and an image is saved on the desktop.
      
2. To capture an area of the desktop:
   • Press the <Command> + <Shift> + <4> keys.
   • The cursor changes to a cross, showing the precise pixel position.
   • Place the cursor at the starting position of the capture.
   • Press the left mouse button and drag the cursor to the end position.
   • Release the button and an image is saved to the desktop.
      
3. To capture the complete desktop.
   • Press the <Command> + <Shift> + <3> keys and an image is saved to the desktop, with the date and time in the filename.

To force the termination of a process, either click the Apple icon (in the top left-hand corner of the screen) and select Force Quit, or use the <Command> + <Alt> + <Esc> combination (Apple's equivalent of the Windows 'three-fingered salute' (<Ctrl> + <Alt> + <Delete>).

Upon system startup (and before the tone sounds), press <Command> + <S>. This causes the machine to boot into Single user mode.
At the UNIX prompt, enter: /sbin/fsck -fy
After the process has finished, enter exit to resume multi-user mode.

To display the source code of a web page, press <Command> + <Option> + <U>

To display the Develop menu option in the tool bar:

• Open Safari
• From the top menu bar, select Preferences
• Click Advanced
• Ensure the Show Develop menu in menu bar checkbox is selected.

Importing a Windows Outlook .pst file into Outlook for Mac:

1. Open Outlook for Mac
2. Click File (from the top Outlook menu bar)
3. Select Import
4. In the Import window, select Outlook Data File
5. Click the right arrow
6. Select Outlook for Windows Data File
7. Click the right arrow
8. Locate and double-click the data file to import.

Outlook for Mac 2011 relies on a database that is located in ~/Documents/Microsoft User Data, as follows:

The "main identity" folder holds all the data from e-mail, calendar, etc. It is usually a good idea to back-up this folder from time-to-time in the event Outlook crashes or gets corrupted; (see Apple Support). For more information, see Microsoft Office:Mac.

Note: Although Outlook for Mac can import Outlook data (.pst) files, the process is not reversible! Outlook for Mac places .pst file contents across a series of its own directories.

To place an icon onto the Dock from Finder:

• Open Finder
• Switch the view to Cover View
• Select the required item
• Tap Space to produce the icon in a window
• Drag the icon onto the Dock.

The default setting on a Mac for touch surfaces is for a two-fingered click to register as the alternate “right” click. The right-click is officially called a secondary click, but the “right click” language is so deeply ingrained it’s generally how everyone refers to it in the Mac world as well as PC world. For this reason, the secondary click is often refered to as a “right-click”, just to keep things consistent. To enable "Right-Click" on a Mac Laptop:

• Open System Preferences
• Click Trackpad
• Under the "One Finger" section, select the checkbox next to "Secondary Click" and select "Bottom Right Corner"
• Adjust the standard Mac OS X secondary click behavior with a two fingered click as you see fit.

There may be a time (for example, after reinstalling OSX) when an appropriate library needs to be 'connected' to iPhoto. Hopefully, a backup of the original library was made before the rebuild. If so:

• Copy/drag the library (iPhoto Library file) from the backup device to it's new location
• Hold down the Option (alt) key and launch iPhoto
• From the resulting menu, select 'Choose Library'. To decide which library to select (if more than one), look at the path beneath the window.

On a few occasions, a Finder window does not refresh its contents when changes take place (particularly with NAS drives). Unlike Windows (where pressing the <F5> key refreshes the window), there is no official option to refresh a Finder window. Fortunately, someone has written an AppleScript to do just that.

• Navigate to Refresh Finder
• Download the latest version of the .dmg file
• Double-click the file and save the app to the Applications folder
• Once there, drag the file onto the toolbar of the Finder window to produce a Refresh button.

An image's GPS data (if it exists) can be displayed without the need of using iPhoto, GeoSetter (Windows program), or any other similar program.

• Display the image using Preview
• Click Tools then Show Inspector, or press <Command> + <I>
• Click the i icon in the tool bar of the More Info
• If the image has GPS data, a GPS tab becomes available
  
  
  
  The red cross (where the two cross hairs meet), indicate the location of the image, based on the latitude and longitude co-ordinates.

It is possible that a password may be required when deleting files. The reason why this happens is because the .Trash folder has changed ownership to root. The following fix simply requires ownership of the file being put back to you. Open Terminal and enter the following command:

sudo chown yourusername .Trash

It is possible to print odd and/or even numbered pages, but the feature is not obvious.

• Open the Print window: <Command> + <P>
  
  
  
  
• If the Print window shows minimal options (as illustrated), click Show Details to expand it and to show additional options
• Click the Preview option and select Paper Handling from the drop-down menu
• From the Pages to Print drop-down list, select All pages (the default), Odd only or Even only
• Click Print.

To instal Boot Camp drivers on a Windows partition, insert the Mac OS X install disc (that came with the Mac) and wait for Windows to auto run the disc. The OS X install disc will begin installing all the drivers required by Boot Camp to make windows work with your Mac hardware. Just follow the prompts after it starts and everything should work the way it should afterwards.

After Boot Camp has put the drivers on, be aware that some key functions from windows will have been re-assigned for the Mac keyboard. Normal windows control key functions will be reassigned to the Macs command key for one. All it really means is that the way you do key combinations under OS X will be very similar under Windows on a Mac keyboard. The key combination <Control> + <Alt> + <Delete> should work the same as it always did under Windows.

[This information is from Yahoo! Answers.]

To reboot from OS X to (Boot Camp) Windows (providing that Windows has been installed onto the Boot Camp partition!):

• Open System Preferences
• Click the Startup Disk icon (in the System group)
• Select the Windows hard drive
• Click Restart.

To reboot from (Boot Camp) Windows to OS X:

• Right-click the Bootcamp icon in the system tray (lower right of screen)
• Select Restart in Mac OS X (or something like that).

Using Boot Camp:

• Requirements: Full-install Windows disc
• Check for updates. A blank CD may be required
• Open Boot Camp Assistant (in the Applications, Utilities folder)
• Create a partition (if not already done)
• From Boot Camp Assistant, select Start the Windows Installer
• If Parallels has been used, install Parallels tools. These will 'link' (or provide drivers for) the peripherals.

To create a container file:

• Open Disk Utility
• Unmount (right click) the Windows volume (to be read only)
• Click New Image from the Disk Utility Menu bar
• Specify the name of the image file (.dmg) to be created
• Click OK
• [Optional] When the process has completed, use Command + I (Get Info) and add any Spotlight Comments
• Remount the Windows volume.

To restore a container file:

• Start Disk Utility
• Unmount the destination Windows partition; for example, Mac_Win
• From the Disk Utility Menu Bar, click Images and Scan Image for Restore
• [to be checked!] Right-click the image file and select <Verify> [Note: Verify is used to determine that two 'entities' are the same. Therefore, is Verify required as part of the Restore process?]
• Select the Restore tab
• For the Source, enter the image file to restore; for example, Mac_Win_2013-01-04
• For the Destination, enter the Windows partition; for example, Mac_Win
• Ensure Erase destination is selected
• Click Restore.

See also the Disk Utility User Guide.

VoiceOver is a full-featured screen reader built into OS X that describes aloud what appears on the screen. VoiceOver speaks the text that is in documents and windows. To turn on VoiceOver, press <Command> + <F5>. The VoiceOver Utility has more information.

For information about VoiceOver key combination differences between Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard) and 10.6 (Snow Leopard), see this article.

Note: You may need to enable "Use all F1, F2, etc. keys as standard keys" in Keyboard preferences for the VoiceOver menu and utility to work.

When Mouse Keys is turned on in Universal Access preferences, you can use the keyboard or numeric keypad keys to move the mouse pointer. If your computer doesn't have a numeric keypad, use the Fn (function) key.

See also: Shortcuts for Mouse Keys.